Africa

** Essential Questions **:


 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * Political Change can cause a conflict by people not being able to agree with the change that is happening around them, disagreeing with that they begin to feud and protest against the change.**
 * it's true **


 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * The Development of nationalism impact people by by allowing more freedom and people have a reason to voice what they are doing**
 * PB&J, Statue of Liberty, The bald eagle, Burgers are symbols of Nationalism **
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * Political Relationship can affect economic relationships by Political Agreements causing economical disagrees, Russia taking over many things in the Ukraine and also China performing espionage on other countries. **
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * Characteristics and factors that unite people as a nation is that they all live under the same rules as others, no one is above the law/ better than one another. They they all have the same rights they get to enjoy life however they want too.**

**Common languages/culture, being a nature of many people**

**[|Map Questions of Africa]**


 * Notes on Video:**


 * The Opium War
 * The Scramble for Africa
 * Industrial Revolution was the major cause of anything being done around the world
 * They couldnt do it until the late 19th century because they couldn't
 * Technology made the difference in Africa, as simple self-defense has not worked
 * Guns was then main reason they were able to take care of Africa
 * European Imperalism involved alot of wars, they just didn't accept defeat they actually fought back
 * Most of Africa and Asia was taken over by european pwoers
 * Intermediary governments
 * It was easier and cheaper to do iit a second way
 * United states did some imperial expansion of its own at one point
 * Borrowing constantly left him into bankrupt and British interest has begun
 * Century shaped it as we know it
 * Imperalism brought power to Africa, also wealth and such
 * Killed millions of people in the process
 * African nations were troubled by Economic Weakness and Trade
 * European Missionaries told AFricans to give up all beliefs and start believing in the new ways
 * British, France and Germany all set out to claim land in Germany
 * Ethiopia and Liberia has Resisted Colonization

**"Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire."** What this quote means is that this is the way of Imperialism w/ Wealth and Power anything or anyone can be in your possession, because with a strong army and wealth you are able to have power which is a big thing. Wherever imperialism goes, it brings destruction and control everywhere [|Scramble for Africa] [|The New Imperalism] 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? The White man's burden was the US taking up the burden of the empire. They were being judged by others to get into the trade of Africa, how the United States is not getting a piece of this The duty of the European Imperialist to reach what they have 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? What the white man gets for carrying the burden is They should get all the resources 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? Government Officials who were imperialists

4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?I didn't find any lines of the poem interesting because I had trouble understanding what was the point of this poem, however I guess if I had to choose a important line It would be

To Seek another Profit and Work Another Gain Quote from Black Man's Burden" Better by far defend it before honors holy breath" This quote basically saying we like the way we live and we wont just succumb to change just like that we will defend our morals The purpose of this Poem is that why should we change to your methods, because you think your method is better and because your are more technologically advanced they are just making the black man suffer more. 5 Words Division, because it divided Africa among European Nations, there was no African RepresenationGreed, They all just fought over landBeneficial - Was only useful for the European NationsTrade - Idea was to promote trade towards them without any arguments

// " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference //// of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : **

The Perspective of the author is that if you remain silent and do nothing you are unable to revolt or say anything staying silent means that's ok and you don't care about what is happening and author is needs
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?

When people fail to speak up they are unable to have their own desires


 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * The author might be making this statement because Africa is experiencing this as emperor he has to remain quiet they don't have enough power to attack the europeans, unless they wouldn't to suffer massive losses/

He had seen what imperialism does and he doesn't know what other countries are allowing this to happen where is your voice in this. they went a helping hand

Well imperialism in Africa, is Europe coming into africa each forcefully taking over land and make the land better for themselves throwing the burden upon the resident of africa.
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.

**"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)** // Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... // // I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. //

// I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world. //

Jules Ferry, he's view point is anyone of European descent is basically higher than anyone else and also they have a sole duty to help all inferior races basically reach the same status as them, or economic standpoint as them. " They have a duty to civilize inferior races...." basically stating what is happening The reason that he is giving this speech is because he wants The World too become the same all around that there should be similarity all around. That anything or anyone different wasn't accepted in that type of society and also they had a need to fix that with also
 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?

The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982.Artists: Linley Sambourne

The political cartoon was published on December 10th, 1982 in London, the impact that this might have on people is that Europeans basically have control over Africa that this is their land basically and they have reign all over it, basically planted in Africa. What meaning the title gives to illustration is that Europeans are all over Africa basically from Egypt all the way to their own places basically It seems like it is a soldier who has control over Africa and it seems like he is doing a certain gesture that is almost like telling the natives of africa that they are saved or something like that. The Artist's viewpoint is that they manage to depict this man of being europe's real reason of being in Africa the point of being a savior towards them if you will with that gesture basically saying help has arrived.
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?

"//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.
 * Document 4 ** :

The author is Moshweshewe. He is writing this letter to explain what happened to his people 25 years ago. The purpose of this letter to basically show how peace was never really achieved Boers : Members of the Dutch and Huguenot population that settled in Southern Africa. Sir Harry Smith: Notable English solider and military commander Sir George Napier: Lieutenant general of the British army. Sir Peregrine Maitland: British solider and colonial administrator.
 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim

**Document 5**:
 * Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**

So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.

They were treated like slaves It was unsuccessful because they had a lack of organization and forming
 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?

**Document 6**:
 * Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice

The author of this source is Chief Mojimba The strength of the British they had weapons and also used guerilla warfare however the African's had the forest That it is completely unfair how they think they can barge in and can do whatever they want
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?

**Document 7**:
 * Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking. > The message that the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans was that they're unintelligent, as they think magic exists. "The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man." > The Africans made such claims to ward off invading Europeans, as they knew they would lost the battle between themselves and the invaders. Thus they resorted to making such claim to scare away the Europeans. >
 * ** What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?

**Document 8**:

Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.



Theodore Roosevelt and that's a dead elephant in the photo The purpose of this photograph is that european nations or the white men have this type of power that they are able to bring down this large animal The economic or social implication in this photo indicate, that America was also interested/influence over in Africa during the 1909.
 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?

**Document 9**:




 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?


 * Document 10 ** :

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962


 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?